The constitution of india - an introduction
We can't imagine a smoothly running governing system of any political intity or organization without a well structured and successfull constitution. Actualy , a constitution is a codified written document of rules and principles. The constitution of a nation state lays down the basic structure of the political system of a country, under which its people are to be governed. It establishes the main organs of the state - the legislature, the executive and, the judiciary.It defines the powers of the all the three organs and demarcates their responsibilities. It regulates their relationship with each other and with the people.
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Every constitution represents the vision and values of its affairs.It is based on the social, political, and economic ethos and faith and the aspirations of the people the country.
In the , modern democracy like India, people exercise their inalienable right to decide how and by whom they should be governed. The very first and the most fundamental application of their sovereignty by the people is in giving to themselves a constitution, which outlines the basic rules. Under these rules certain powers are transformed to different organs of the state. . The constitution of india framed and given to themselves by the people of india.It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 . It came in to full operation with effect on 26 January 1950.
The constitution of india is the one of the largest written constitution. The sources of our people friendly constitutions are both indigenous and foriegn.
Nearly 75 per cent of the constitution of india is based on the government of india act 1935. While the fundamental rights and duties, the directive principles of the state policy,a parliyamentary system with a government responsible to parliament, safeguards for minorities and a federal polity contained in the constitution have their sources in the 1928 Nehru Committee Report and the Karachi Congress Resolution of 1931.
Besides the indigenous sources some of the features have been adopted from other constitutions.Following are the features of the indian constitution adapted from other constitutions -
- British Constitution
- Parliyamentary form of government.
- Single Citizenship.
- Speaker and his role.
- Lawmaking Procedure
- U.S Constitution
- Fundamental Rights
- Bill of Rights
- Fedral Structure
- Independent Judiciary and Judicial Review
- President as Supreme Commander of armed forces
- Irish Constitution - Directive Principles of State Policy
- French Constitution - Ideals of Liberty,Equality and Fraternity
- Canadian Constitution - Residual Powers
- Australian Constitution -
- Freedom of Trade and Commerce
- Fedaral Jurisdiction
- Malaysian Constitution - The Idea of Concurrent List
- Japan Constitution - Fundamental Duties
- Wiemer Constitution - Emergency Provision.
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